Case Study:

Aircraft Cooling System Design

Client:

Northrop Grumman

Project Scope:

Cooling Design, Acoustic Testing, Prototyping

Methods:

Design & Testing, CAD, Parts Procurement

Northrop Grumman was contracted by the military to modify Hunter unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) from gasoline engines to turbo charged diesel engines. The plane needed new cowling to accommodate radiators and an intercooler. Flometrics support included:

• Design new cowlings and cooling paths




• Construct and test full size mock up of the cooling system




• Modify wind tunnel model and conduct wind tunnel measurements




• CFD of the UAV and cooling passages




• Write computer software to model flight parameters of the vehicle

The first step in the design process was to calculate the pressure coefficient over the entire aircraft in order to determine the best location for cooling air inlets and outlets. The flow through the scoops and ductwork was modeled in CFD to assure free flow of the cooling air.

The top right image shows the pressure coefficients on the original aircraft based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations, without propellers. The resulting information was used to select locations for the various cooling inlets and outlets. Then the intercoolers and radiators were tested with realistic flows, temperatures and pressures in a laboratory environment. This bench testing resulted in minor modifications which resulted in optimal performance of the system.

A scale model of the modified aircraft was fitted with prototype scoops, ducts, radiator and intercooler models and was tested in the wind tunnel with motorized propellers. The aircraft was then underwent extensive testing and later was placed in service with the U.S. military.

Case Study:

Computed Flow Over Land Speed Record Car

Client:

In-House

Project Scope:

Research & Development

Methods:

Computational Fluid Dynamics, Fluid Dynamics, Design & Testing

The image shows velocity contours over a jet powered car designed to win back the land speed record set by the British Thrust SSC car in 1997. The design was developed by Bill Fredericks, who designed the Budweiser Rocket Car that broke the sound barrier in 1979. The flow around the car was simulated using a commercial finite element code, Floworks.

This simulation involves the solution of the three dimensional, steady, compressible Navier-Stokes equations with Newtonian viscosity. The computational domain was chosen to simulate the environment as closely as possible and to make the boundary conditions, especially the problematic ground boundary condition. This simulation led to a number of improvements in the vehicle design.